Founding fathers of sociology Essays

Founding fathers of sociology Essays Founding fathers of sociology Essay Founding fathers of sociology Essay Descried by some as the father of American sociology, Lester F. Ward, botanist, paleontologist, and sociologist contended that our sex behavior is greatly overlaid with a deep coat of habit and sentiment, built up under social stimulation. Yet, it must be taken into account in considering social interrelations. Certainly it is connected with the family, that matrix of so much that is port of the social order that we maintain in modern society. â€Å"Rivalry, mastery and kindred trends fall, in short, into a general hunting type of mind which Dewey earlier had discussed in another connection. This hunting pattern of mind is an extremely useful concept because it goes far in explaining the modifications of pursuit and capture, rivalry and mastery which we find in modern society, which the older intellectualistic position of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries did not take into account.† (Elmer et al, 1925, p. 171)   Ward theorized present soci ety that poverty could be minimized or eliminated by the systematic intervention of society. Mankind wasnt helpless before the impersonal force of nature and evolution.   Through the power of Mind, man could take control of the situation and direct the evolution of human society. Karl Mannheim sociologist, influential in the first half of the 20th century and one of the founding fathers of classical sociology took issue with modern society, elite selection takes three major forms, the first, â€Å"bureaucratic advancement, secondly, unregulated competition and third, class pressures. People who rise into elite positions show marked differences, depending on which of these three mechanisms was operative in their ascent.† (Mannheim, 1997, p. 100)   The bureaucratic type of elite selection favours methodical workers who have a flair for meeting every situation in terms of prescriptions previously laid down. According to Mannheim principles, the elite perspective must be limited to rules and regulations; individuals who show free-ranging interests and inclinations, in essence, a threat to status quo. : â€Å"A significant trend of modern society may be seen in the fact that each group tends to evolve its own perspective and to feel uncommitted by the public interpretation of the existing order.† (Mannheim, 1997, p. 100) Maximilian Weber was a German political economist and sociologist, considered one of the founders of the modern study of sociology and public administration.   Weber introduced anti-positivism (humanistic sociology). According to this view, which is closely related to anti-naturalism, sociological research must concentrate on humans cultural values. With regard to another pressing issue, Weber insisted on a reinterpretation of Marxism. Marx drew attention to the separation of the worker from the means of production. Yet in the modern mass state we are confronted with a much wider phenomenon. â€Å"As it is a simplification to regard the proletariat as a simple homogeneous mass without any differentiations in skill, traditions, behaviour patterns, and social aspirations, so it would be wrong to assume that the proletariat forms the majority of the employed population within the modern highly industrialized state. On both these points Weber insisted and thereby considerably corrected the traditional Marxian interpretation of modern society.† (Mayer, 1956, p. 80) Karl Marx, an immensely influential German philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary conveyed proof that in modern society vice is indispensable and useful. This was by no means an apology of modern society. For the proletarians . . . the condition of their existence, labor, and with it all the conditions of existence governing modern society, have become something accidental, something over which they, as separate individuals, have no control, and over which no social organization can give them control. â€Å"The contradiction between the individuality of each separate proletarian and labor, the condition of life forced upon him, becomes evident to him himself, for he is sacrificed from youth upward and, within his own class, has no chance of arriving at the conditions which would place him in the other class.† (Bender, 1986, p. 323) In The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, (series of essays on religion) Weber puts forward the thesis that the Puritan ethic and ideas influenced the development of capitalism, the foundation of American society. This theory is often viewed as a reversal of Marxs thesis that the economic base of society determines all other aspects of it. Religious devotion has usually been accompanied by rejection of mundane affairs, including economic pursuit. The continuation of Webers interpretation of varying idealologies is not less relevant.

7 Tips to Avoid a DANGEROUS Job Search

7 Tips to Avoid a DANGEROUS Job Search Finding a job is very important, but so is staying safe online. Looking for a job involves exchanging a lot of personal information with your potential employers, and you cannot risk letting that information get into the wrong hands. Even small slip ups can have huge consequences. 1. Limit Personal Information in Your ResumeThere’s absolutely no reason to include things like your home address or scans of your official identification card with your resume. If an employer needs that information from you, they can collect it during the hiring process. Make these things available upon request to employers who are seriously considering you – don’t hand them out aimlessly.2. Dig Deep on CompaniesWho are you sending your information to? Does the company receive and review their own resumes, or do they outsource that job? Reputable companies have up to date security practices that will prevent your information from being viewed by third parties. Find out how long a compa ny will keep your resume on record. If it’s longer than 90 days, you may not want them hanging onto your details for too long.3. Never Publicly Post Personal DetailsSlapping your resume up on the internet may feel like fishing with a wide net. When everyone can see it, it may seem like you’re increasing your chances of finding a great employer. The only problem with posting these things publicly is that anyone can see them. Sure, recruiters and HR staff will be able to read your resume, but so will anyone else who is looking to steal personal information.4. Don’t Outsource Resume SharingServices pop up all the time that promise to send your resume to employers looking for candidates like you. This is almost always a bad move. You can’t control where they’re sending your information, and you don’t know how securely they’re storing it. You may be saving a few minutes a day, but you’re risking your privacy.5. Document Where Youâ⠂¬â„¢ve Sent Your InfoKeep track of every time you send out your resume, and who you’ve sent it to. Not only does this make it easier for you to follow up on potential future career opportunities, it also helps you keep track of your data. If something gets out there that should have been kept private, it’s easier to track down the source of the data breech when you know everyone who has been given access to your information.6. Use a VPNVPNs are great for online safety in every circumstance, whether you’re applying for jobs or making online purchases. VPNs shield you from outside attacks, which are common on public or unsecured WiFi connections. Before you send anything to anyone, make sure you’re using a good VPN. You’ll want to find one that suits your device.7. Always Read Privacy InformationThere are tons of sites designed to help job seekers find job openings. Oftentimes, these services are helpful. Sometimes, that help comes at a cost. These sites may share your information with third parties, or share your email address with solicitors. If a website ever says you’ll receive â€Å"offers from partners† or â€Å"information about exciting opportunities†, this most likely means they’re selling your name, email address, and statistical information to the highest bidder.There’s no such thing as being too careful with your personal information, or using too much suspicion. If an offer seems fishy, it likely is fishy. Be careful what email attachments you open and who you speak to, and don’t be so quick to answer questions from people you don’t know during your job search process.Amelia Dermott is a passionate writer and self-proclaimed Internet addict. Having experience in business and IT administration, she likes to write about technology and self-development topics.

Read the case and answer the questions(1 pages) Essay

Read the case and answer the questions(1 pages) - Essay Example Whatever name it is called, this is corruption. It would have been easier and non-criminating if Kwong had let the local firm complete the deal on its behalf. The agent firm could have sealed the deal professionally like it had done before with their foreign companies without bribery featuring anywhere. Kwong should not pay the commission to the servant because it is an act of corruption. It is not only unethical, the rightful authorities can take action against him if discovered. 3. Canada has risen over years to become one of the top countries to introduce tough laws to fight foreign corruption. The OECD (Organization Co-operation and Development) recommends Canada for its latest momentum in fighting the vice. Ottawa has for the last decade been at the forefront in creating reforms to fight corruption through federal initiatives like Corruption of Foreign Public Official Act. In its part, the OECD approved an amendment to the law to ensure that the bribery offense also applies to all kinds of companies even where there are huge profits. This is one single most influential amendment made on the law since 1999. The OECD’s anti-bribery group, which promoted the adoption of the OECD convention to fight corruption in foreign officials, also made it clear that a proposed change also extend the country’s anti-bribery jurisdictional scope. This allows the RCMP to prosecute the officials committed by Canadian firms and the Canadians anywhere around the world without necessarily having to establish any connection to Canada. It would therefore not be a good idea to pay for the

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 29

Summary - Assignment Example Numbers are more convincing since readers and audiences often focus on profits, losses, savings and costs. The numbers provided ought to be easy, trustworthy and accurate. In addition, the presenter should be able to cite the source of information for reference purposes. Utilization of examples in the presentation helps the audience to remember and visualize the point. Examples enabled the presenter to show the audience, the meaning of the information. Associating the presentation or research to expert opinions lends credibility and authority to any claim. The presenter should remember to cite the expert during presentation of the information. A presenter requires something more than evidence to change the minds of the audience. The presenter has to appeal to common goals and value of the presenter. In business organization for example, the presenter is required to identify common goals and appeal to them in order to convince other employee. The goals of people are often shaped by their values: honesty, loyalty, friendship, fairness and equality. In addition, the presenter should also appeal to the shared values (pg 51). A speaker or presenter should also consider the cultural context when passing information to the audience. This is because; reaction to persuasive appeals can be determined by the values and custom of a certain culture. Understanding the culture of the audience is quite significant as it might differ in people’s willingness to criticize, debate, or express emotions and disagreement. Additionally, cultures may also differ in their attitude towards technology, business, competition as well as the rol e of women at their place of work. Grier (2008, pg 53), states that, ‘primacy of face saving is one of the key values in all cultures. It is the act of preserving an individual’s outward dignity and prestige’. Presenters should ensure they pay attention to situations

The Mayor of Casterbridge Essay Example for Free

The Mayor of Casterbridge Essay This essay will demonstrate and analyse how Thomas Hardy uses the first two chapters of this book as a prologue to the rest of the novel. To establish this, this essay will include Hardys style and use of language. This sort of style is quite unique, which is probably why he used it. Other important elements are the setting and how they are linked to Hardy himself, the themes and the way he exemplifies characters. The main character, Michael Henchard, is said to be of fine figure and swarthy. He wore a short, brown corduroy jacket, a fustian waistcoat, tanned leggings, white horn buttons and white breeches. Also, he wore a straw hat. At the beginning of the narrative, Michael is holding a tool-bag. This shows that Michael is a man of the trade. This flows with what Hardy says about Henchard being a skilled countryman. Michaels entrance to the story is palpable, but until later on in the novel, we dont actually know his name. Until the 6th page, 3rd paragraph, Michael is referred to as, amongst other things, the man. This gives a bit of suspense as the reader wishes to read further to find out who this person is and what his name. The reader discovers that he is indeed the husband of Susan; the woman he is accompanying. He doesnt play the role of a husband or a father at all (we also find out that he and Susan have a baby called Elizabeth-Jane. He remains using similar behaviour until chapter two. The first time he actually opened his mouth to talk, was, when addressing a worker around Weydon-Priors. The second time, one page later, was when he briefly replied to Susan in pg 4/5, when Susan is telling him to go to the Good Furmity Sold Here tent at the fair, instead of the Good Home-brewed Beer, Ale and Cyder tent. His disinclination to go to the furmity tent is shown when he says, Ive never tasted it. At this point, he finally shows some responsibility as he gave way to he representations ; the her being Susan. His carelessness is again shown on page six, where he gets drunk from the excessive rum in his furmity. He then goes on further, when he states how he got married too young. Michael puts himself and Susan in great shame when he auctions her. At this point, we dont know whether its the drink talking, or if he really feels this way. We are persuaded that Michael really wants to rid of his wife, when, on pages 8/9/10, he pursues his selling, until finally a bidder puts the money on the table and the exchange is made. Hardy shows that Henchard really is a malicious man, without any thought to his responsibility. We know this by the language used; he talks badly of Susan; I married at 18, like the fool that I was; and this is the consequence ot. We finally see the back of Susan, telling us that the exchange was true and complete. Overall, we see that Michael is a man who doesnt see his responsibilities and likes to live a single persons life. He is careless in most of actions and is easily taken under the influence of drink; the reason why he auctioned his wife. In Chapter Two, however, we discover, that Michael didnt have the slightest clue of what he did the previous night. This is shown as he thinks back of what he had done, and showed great regret. We know this as he travels around the fair in search of his wife and later takes a serious oath, for such an alcoholic as Henchard especially. Michael then travels around the Fair in search of Susan. Later, around page 17, we discover Henchard to be making a vow as to not drink spirits for 21 years, as spirit was the reason why he lost his ex-wife; I, Michael Henchard, on this morning of the 16th of September, do take an oath before God here in this solemn place that I will avoid all strong liquors for the space of 21 years. His pledge is significant to the play because it changes his outlook; he becomes a less rowdy person; a Mayor. This also allows him to find Susan, as his perspective is broadened; he can sort out his priorities. Susan is first introduced at the same time as Michael. Shes described as being pretty and having a half-apathetic expression. Michael and Susan have a declining relationship. Susan doesnt converse with Michael and just saunters along with him silently. As with Michael, we dont discover Susans name at first. This is probably because Thomas wants to set the scene first, then the characters, etc. Although we dont know that Susan and Michael are in wedlock, we o know that Susan is the mother of young Elizabeth-Jane. She and Michael dont converse until the dialogue where Susan encourages Michael to go the furmity rent, instead of the alcoholic tent; page 4. This proves that Susan is the most sensible out of the two. Although Susan may have made the most sensible choice, she still didnt escape shame and pain. She discovers Michaels bad side, as he has too much rum in his furmity. We know that this isnt the first time, Henchard has behaved this way previously, as Hardy writes, The young woman his wife, who seemed accustomed to such remarks She isnt mentioned much, until the auction scene, when she tells Michael how his behaviours is inappropriate and irresponsible and is just making a fool of himself. Later on in page eight, Susan gets more serious, realising the great significance of Michaels actions; Come, come, it is getting dark, and this nonsense wont do. If you dont come along, I shall go without you. Come! The repetition shows her concern and desperation to avoid the situation. Susan tries to maintain her dignity and pride by agreeing to all of the selling, probably to rid herself of such humiliation and torture. We know instantly that Susan regrets the whole ordeal as she went out of the tent sobbing bitterly. Although the furmity lady, only has a brief part to play in the story, she is still quite important. She is first mentioned in page five. She is described as haggish and is said to be of fifty years of age. She was wearing a white apron, reaching almost all the way around her waist. Her only actions were to stir the large pot of furmity, which consists of grain, flour, milk, raisins, currants, etc. She seems to be just a furmity lady, but Hardys crone-like description of her fits nicely with her slyness as she laces the furmity with quite a lot of rum. She appears again at the bottom of the page when she served Michael and Susan a bowl of furmity. She has a quite a persuasive character as she convinces Michael to have some rum. This meant more profit for her. Apart from the above, her last appearance was when the auction was maturing; she told Susan that it was the drink talking and that Michael didnt mean what he was saying. The furmity lady represents the working-class of Weydon-Priors. Especially as she is part of the fair, she seems to have a nomadic life; always moving around to different locations. As she is reacquainted with Susan later on, Hardy skilfully relates the furmity lady to the downfall of rural life, The turnip-hoer first had an appearance on page 3. He told Michael about the type of work available in Weydon-Priors. The turnip-hoer had a very brief appearance in the novel indeed. He did have quite a significant part, as the reader discovers that there was a lack of work for the working-class and that Weydon-Priors was a changing area, good for some, bad for most. He represents the economic state of the village and is a typical countryman. The mention of the Fair almost automatically implies that it has some connotation in the anecdote. He had a hoe on one shoulder and a dinner-bag suspended from it as well. Hardy describes the turnip-hoer as being a pessimist. This shows that he just saw things from the bad side and didnt really look for any good in anything. He probably used that word as he replied negatively to anything Henchard asked. Then, he mentions the Fair Day; the only way of getting any money in most cases. We learn quite a lot about Wessex and the way of life there in the first few pages of Chapter One. This is due mainly to the turnip-hoer. From him, we learn that there is a shortage of jobs. Due to the time setting, it is quite obvious to those with knowledge of history, that it is the time of the Industrial Revolution. The chronicle fits in efficiently with the time setting, before the nineteenth century had reached one-third of its span ; this was during the pinnacle of the Industrial Revolution 1709 to 1853. We then discover that homes are being knocked down to make way for the industrial buildings. Therefore, life must be quite hard for the working-class. This is shown by the turnip-hoer saying how there is a lack of employment; lack of money. We know this because, Weydon-Priors is at the threshold of being an industrial city. The only way of making money outside the industrial side, it seems, is to work in the Fair or sell horses. The Fair is packed with people and full of life. Different activities and different fairs to visit, for example, toy-stands, waxworks, medicine men, and so forth. Hardy uses a varied form of vocabulary in this text, but most of the book uses a sophisticated range of vocabulary. Examples of sophisticated choices include: Hardy uses this wide range of lexis effectively to make an effective description of an object or person. By using efficient language, Hardy creates a good picture in the mind of the reader. He does this by describing something with great detail. For example, when he first introduced Michael, he used great detail in order to produce sufficient imagery. The man was of fine figure, swarthy, and stern in aspect; and he showed in profile a facial angle so slightly inclined as to be almost perpendicular. He goes on to use analogous detail in describing his attire. It is quite obvious that Hardy likes to use detail in his descriptions. This is required to produce a vivid image for the reader. The result of this is a strong and almost exact picture of the object or person in question created in the mind. This can help the reader understand further things mentioned in the story and the relevance and significance of things mentioned. The structure of Hardy sentences varies occasionally, but the overall lengths of the sentences are long. This is typical of the time period; early 1900s This provides a neutral atmosphere, as shorter sentences or pauses give a tenser ambience. A good example of the use of shorter sentences, is during the auctioning of Susan, The sailor hesitated a moment, looked anew at the woman, came in, unfolded five crisp pieces of paper The lengths of the paragraphs also vary, but most of them are long, which is typical of the time period. When a more important scene is written in The Mayor Of Casterbridge, Hardy uses very long paragraphs to create a significant flow in the action. Apart from the narrators language, there is the language used by the characters. The characters language varies from their class, but is quite similar. They use northern dialect and they dont pronounce all of the letters; this emphasises the setting of the novel. This presents the way northerners speak. An example of this vernacular is, and this is the consequence ot. There isnt much dialogue until the auction scene. This creates quite a tense atmosphere with some suspense. A very significant factor of language, is the relationship between Michael and Susan. They dont speak habitually at all. They converse a small amount at the Fair, only to talk about things like lodging. This is imperative as it clearly depicts the relationship between the two Henchards; they dont have a close affiliation and only communicate when necessary. Most of the early chapters are based on the theme of marriage. This is because, Michael and Susan were married and Michael sold Susan because he was saying how fed up he was with marriage. The further actions made by Henchard were reflections to what he had done; he swore to give up spirits for twenty-one years, he went in search for Susan due to marriage and possibly love. At the scene of the auction, the only people who seem to have some reverence for the sacred bond of matrimony, are Susan and the furmity lady. Susan is the only person who tries to put the whole state of affairs to a halt, Mike, Mike, this is getting serious. O! too serious! The repetition shows her concern. The furmity tries to reassure Susan that Michael is just under the influence of drink, Others just encourage Michael, Theres them that would do that, this shows that they find such an offer common. For the rest of the customers in the tent, it appeared to be a sort of entertainment. The economy plays quite an important part in the tale as well. This is because Michael and Susan first went towards Weydon-Priors, because Henchard was in search of employment. Change is evident in the area of Weydon-Priors as the turnip-hoer told Michael of the knocking down of the houses, lack of vocation. The quality and style of life will obviously be changed by this new revolution. By mentioning or hinting the industrial revolution, Hardy sets the time and setting of the anecdote well, making it more realistic. Hardy uses the theme of nature in The Mayor Of Casterbridge, but only occasionally in the first two chapters. An example of Hardy doing this, is on page two, half-apathetic expression of on who deems anything possible at the hands of Time and Chance except, perhaps, fair play. The first phase was that work of Nature As you may notice, Hardy used capital letters for the beginning of the three words Time, Chance and Nature. He might have done this to make the three words stand out and allow the reader to see their significance. Time and Chance seem to control occurrences. Time; things are going to happen, its just a matter of time when. Chance; sometimes. People can be lucky and have chance on their side. Nature; the contrasts between man and nature. Fate seems to play a small, but quite important role in the anecdote. Hardy uses this element skilfully. It assists the auction scene with the entrance of the sailor. It would have been quite hard for the sailor to hear the auctioneers voice from outside; he was destined to meet and purchase Susan and Elizabeth-Jane. Hardy shows how Henchard develops quite quickly in the prologue. He begins as a man who seems to be oblivious of his duties to his wife and infant. The main event which convinces Michael he has to revolutionize his conduct. After getting under the influence of spirits, he humiliates his wife and then puts her on the market. When he becomes abstemious, he realises his faux pas and falls in to a state of remorse. The next day, he starts to search for his spouse. After failing to locate Susan in the Fair, he makes an oath to avoid all strong liquors for the space of twenty-one years This shows that he has realised that the main cause of the whole dilemma was the alcohol. Another example of him following a new route, is the narrators text, seemed relieved at having made a start in a new direction. This is a sort of quest for Michael; to give up alcohol and to find his lost partner. The type of narration used is third person narrative. The reader is only given limited information as to whats happening. The conscious narrator decides what and how information is revealed. An example of this is the concealing of Henchards name. We dont have full knowledge that Susan and Henchard are married; their relationship together. This makes the reader want to continue reading to discover the role and significance of the character. Hardy uses language effectively to get the appropriate mood and atmosphere. He uses sufficient imagery when he wants to give the reader a detailed description of the scene. He uses symbolism to assist this, e. g. at the Fair, Hardy refers to the horses to represent Susan, as the horses are also being sold. He uses varied sentence structure to achieve tension. Although most other writers would use shorter sentences to create anxiety, Thomas uses commas as well. An example of this, is at the end of CH 1. Hardy uses prolonged sentences, but with commas to create a depressing atmosphere. The whole of the story after the auctioning of Susan, is founded on that very act. The main outline of the first two chapters is quite simple. Firstly, the couple enter Weydon-Priors. Then, they visit the Fair and go to a furmity tent. Michael gets drunk and offers to sell his wife, Susan. After much pondering, a sailor approaches Henchard and purchases Susan, who is accompanied by Elizabeth-Jane. Michael, the next morning, realises what he did in his drunken rage. He makes a vow to never touch any spirits for 21 years. Michael finds that he has lost Susan forever, or so he thinks After the selling of Susan, all of Michaels actions were based on that event. Before CH. 3 continues, a lot time passes; Hardy likes to use time in his writing. As you can see in the brief plot of the story above, all of the actions made reverberated the auction. Michael made a vow due to the auction, he went in search of Susan because of the sale, etc. Hardy cleverly makes an impression in the readers mind at the beginning of the story. This makes the reader want to read further to discover the following events. From this essay, I have learnt about Hardys style, his use of things like Nature, Time and so on. I have learnt of Thomas lexis and structure. The overall language he uses is different to other authors in the sense that he uses very sophisticated expression and refers to seemingly irrelevant things to achieve sufficient effects; symbolising. Also, we learn how Hardy develops characters and their identity, e. g. Michael. His description also fluctuates to other publishments, as he refers to things like nature, chance and time; he uses elements that might be relevant to him. Hes a unique author.

Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and the Pure Food and Drug Act Essay

Upton Sinclair’s â€Å"The Jungle† and the Pure Food and Drug Act Upton Sinclair’s â€Å"The Jungle,† gave the most in-depth description of the horrid truths about the way America’s food companies, â€Å"the only source of food for people living in the city,† are preparing the food they sell. â€Å"The Jungle† describes the terrible conditions of a Lithuanian family that moved to the US, and had to work, live, and die for the food companies in Chicago. â€Å"The Jungle† spurred a movement in the American people to do something about the problems facing the American food supply. Because of the growing concern about the quality of food in America the government took action to prevent further problems. Thus the Food and Drug Act of 1906 was passed to fix the problems. The Food and Drug Act was a true example of how the people of our nation influenced the government to take action, to solve a growing problem effecting the American people. â€Å"The Jungle† talks about a couple who move to an area of Chicago, â€Å"known as Packtown,† from Lithuania. Packtown is the center of Chicago’s meat packing industry. It is a hard, dangerous, and filthy place where it is difficult to find a job. Some relatives of the couple and themselves get a house, but find out it is a swindle. Expenses increase and forces the children of the family to find work like the adults. Jobs in Packtown are back-breaking , unsafe, and have no regard for individual workers. The oldest of the family gets a job, but it is to difficult for the old man and he quickly dies. The man of the couple, â€Å"Jurgis,† is forced to work in an unheated packing house during the winter. Jurgis is injured and cant work for three months receiving no pay. One of the children dies of food poisoning. Jurgis joins a union and slowly begins to understand the way politics and bribery that control Packingtown. After attacking the boss of his wife for making her sleep with him, Jurgis is put in jail for a month. While in Jail the family has been evicted from there home and is living in a run-down boardinghouse. When Jurgis returns home he finds his wife in premature labor, and in the process of giving birth the child and her. Jurgis disappears on a drinking binge. With the help of a wealthy woman who takes and interest in the family, Jurgis finds a job at a steel mill. He is renewed in hope dedicating himself to Antanas, â€Å"his ... ...lightly to violating its new laws. From respectable authorities on the subject, and the 1906 Food and Drugs Act itself, gave paticual understanding of the events effecting that time period, a understanding of certain points in the novel â€Å"The Jungle†, and how the government went about solving the nation’s going problem, has lead myself to agree that Upton Sinclairs’s â€Å"The Jungle† had a major role in moving the government to clean up the food supply. Which by the approval of the 1906 Food and Drugs Act, the government succeeded in solving the problem. â€Å"The Jungle† showed to the nation the scam of biblical antiquity, that was effecting there very lives. It rallied the people to make the government find a solution to prevent further sicknesses and deaths because of greedy capitalists. The government set forth the Food and Drugs Act of 1906 in response which regulated and examined products developed by food and drug companies. Upton Sinclair provided the motive, and the government supplied the solution. Because of the these two forces we, in our day in time, can rest assured that our food and drugs are of the very top quality, and purity for human consumption.

Merchant of Venice

Alessandro Larosa How does Shakespeare present his ideas (themes, main points, the time, morality and reflection) within the merchant of Venice? Introduction – The play, the merchant of Venice, was written by Shakespeare. The play puts forward ideas and themes which are universal and relevant in today’s life. He uses techniques, dramatic techniques and context to showcase these ideas which form the plot, climax and conclusion of this remarkable play. Body – Justice Point: In Venice, 1596, the economic stability was dependant on foreign businessmen like shylock.The city has laws to protect their legal rights and it is how the two religions follow and obey these laws which separate them. Elaboration: In the context of Merchant of Venice, Jews believe in justice, and following the law and Christians are shown to have mercy. Shylock with his bond prepares to cut Antonio's heart, meanwhile the Christian court begs him and asks why he will not show mercy. Shylock repli es saying he doesn’t have a logical reason for why he hates Antonio but he insists on having his bond to for fill his revenge. Example: Shylock has a speech about the courts question. Quote: Tis mine and I will have it. If you deny me, fie upon your law— There is no force in the decrees of Venice. I stand for judgment. Answer, shall I have it? † Technique: Metaphor of the pound of flesh used: A pound of flesh is used as a metaphor for justice. Shylock has had his daughter taken away from him like a part of his flesh and he is simply getting it back, while filling his revenge he is also achieving justice within himself. Link: Shakespeare uses justice to make the play realistic; everything in life is controlled by laws. It is the scales of justice which separates the two religions. Wealth over love Point:In Shakespeare's plays he always has involved love. But what could be valued more than love, money. Shakespeare brings forward Wealth over love theme to the play t o create a sense that is the play about lovers and people having a happily ever after or about their personal wealth. Explanation: In the play Christians are noticed as being generous and selfless about their bank account whereas the Jewish people are portrayed as people who are uptight about their wealth and very protective of anything valuable to them. Quotes: Shylock has his daughter taken from him, as he sees it. She actually leaves to marry Lorenzo.When he looks around to find that she has left for Belmont with all of his wealth, he screams. ‘My daughter! O my ducats! O my daughter! Fled with a Christian! O my Christian ducats! Justice! the law! my ducats, and my daughter! Link: Shakespeare uses this quote to confuse us. Is Shylock more worried about losing his wealth or of his daughter? Through this quote, Shakespeare also has us thinking another situation. Is this any different from the way Bassonio goes after Portia for her money. In both cases Shakespeare shows that h uman relationships are hard to tell apart from wealth. Appearance vs. reality Point:Another theme that is put forward by Shakespeare in the play is appearance vs. reality. This theme is symbolic of the most universal human problem in the context in The Merchant of Venice and in modern society. Explanation Shakespeare expresses this theme through a dead father of a living daughter Portia. There are three caskets, one gold, one silver and one bronze. The three of them are a game of chance, a gamble laid out in order to find the right suitor for Portia and her father’s wealth. One of the three contains a skull, a fools head and the last Portia's picture. Example. The outside of the gold casket promises, Who chooseth me shall gain what many men desire. † It’s sounds good but it is a trick. Once opened it contains a skull with a smug message, â€Å"All that glisters is not gold. † The Gold casket and skull symbolise that appearances are often deceiving and huma n desire, such as wealth, can be dangerous. The inscription silver casket explains, â€Å"Who chooseth me shall get as much as he deserves. † The inside contains a smiling face of an idiot and with a note that reads, â€Å"So be gone: you are sped. † Whoever chooses the silver casket is a fool who'll get what he deserves (a picture of another fool). Finally, the lead chest.The metal is used to symbolize inner beauty and modesty and contains a picture of Portia. The inscription is very significant, â€Å"Who chooseth me must give and hazard all he hath† The inscription is symbolic of marriage and reminds us of the fact that Bassanio's battle for Portia literally involves a man who must â€Å"hazard all he hath,† in marriage. Also in relation to Antonio, who risks his life to loan his best friend the money to woo his wife to be. Technique Shakespeare uses juxtaposition with the gold and lead caskets to create a visual representation of Appearance vs. Realit y. The lead casket is gold in disguise. LinkShakespeare expresses the theme through the characters and techniques in the merchant of Venice. The theme is used to engage the audience as we are eager to look behind disguises and find the reality of the characters and the events. Conclusion – There are many different themes in The Merchant of Venice which are moral values. To show mercy, to think twice about a book with a glistening cover and to treasure human relationships over the insignificance of wealth. Through the techniques and examples revealed in the Merchant of Venice Shakespeare displays ideas which are extremely significant from when it was first written to present. Merchant of Venice Alessandro Larosa How does Shakespeare present his ideas (themes, main points, the time, morality and reflection) within the merchant of Venice? Introduction – The play, the merchant of Venice, was written by Shakespeare. The play puts forward ideas and themes which are universal and relevant in today’s life. He uses techniques, dramatic techniques and context to showcase these ideas which form the plot, climax and conclusion of this remarkable play. Body – Justice Point: In Venice, 1596, the economic stability was dependant on foreign businessmen like shylock.The city has laws to protect their legal rights and it is how the two religions follow and obey these laws which separate them. Elaboration: In the context of Merchant of Venice, Jews believe in justice, and following the law and Christians are shown to have mercy. Shylock with his bond prepares to cut Antonio's heart, meanwhile the Christian court begs him and asks why he will not show mercy. Shylock repli es saying he doesn’t have a logical reason for why he hates Antonio but he insists on having his bond to for fill his revenge. Example: Shylock has a speech about the courts question. Quote: Tis mine and I will have it. If you deny me, fie upon your law— There is no force in the decrees of Venice. I stand for judgment. Answer, shall I have it? † Technique: Metaphor of the pound of flesh used: A pound of flesh is used as a metaphor for justice. Shylock has had his daughter taken away from him like a part of his flesh and he is simply getting it back, while filling his revenge he is also achieving justice within himself. Link: Shakespeare uses justice to make the play realistic; everything in life is controlled by laws. It is the scales of justice which separates the two religions. Wealth over love Point:In Shakespeare's plays he always has involved love. But what could be valued more than love, money. Shakespeare brings forward Wealth over love theme to the play t o create a sense that is the play about lovers and people having a happily ever after or about their personal wealth. Explanation: In the play Christians are noticed as being generous and selfless about their bank account whereas the Jewish people are portrayed as people who are uptight about their wealth and very protective of anything valuable to them. Quotes: Shylock has his daughter taken from him, as he sees it. She actually leaves to marry Lorenzo.When he looks around to find that she has left for Belmont with all of his wealth, he screams. ‘My daughter! O my ducats! O my daughter! Fled with a Christian! O my Christian ducats! Justice! the law! my ducats, and my daughter! Link: Shakespeare uses this quote to confuse us. Is Shylock more worried about losing his wealth or of his daughter? Through this quote, Shakespeare also has us thinking another situation. Is this any different from the way Bassonio goes after Portia for her money. In both cases Shakespeare shows that h uman relationships are hard to tell apart from wealth. Appearance vs. reality Point:Another theme that is put forward by Shakespeare in the play is appearance vs. reality. This theme is symbolic of the most universal human problem in the context in The Merchant of Venice and in modern society. Explanation Shakespeare expresses this theme through a dead father of a living daughter Portia. There are three caskets, one gold, one silver and one bronze. The three of them are a game of chance, a gamble laid out in order to find the right suitor for Portia and her father’s wealth. One of the three contains a skull, a fools head and the last Portia's picture. Example. The outside of the gold casket promises, Who chooseth me shall gain what many men desire. † It’s sounds good but it is a trick. Once opened it contains a skull with a smug message, â€Å"All that glisters is not gold. † The Gold casket and skull symbolise that appearances are often deceiving and huma n desire, such as wealth, can be dangerous. The inscription silver casket explains, â€Å"Who chooseth me shall get as much as he deserves. † The inside contains a smiling face of an idiot and with a note that reads, â€Å"So be gone: you are sped. † Whoever chooses the silver casket is a fool who'll get what he deserves (a picture of another fool). Finally, the lead chest.The metal is used to symbolize inner beauty and modesty and contains a picture of Portia. The inscription is very significant, â€Å"Who chooseth me must give and hazard all he hath† The inscription is symbolic of marriage and reminds us of the fact that Bassanio's battle for Portia literally involves a man who must â€Å"hazard all he hath,† in marriage. Also in relation to Antonio, who risks his life to loan his best friend the money to woo his wife to be. Technique Shakespeare uses juxtaposition with the gold and lead caskets to create a visual representation of Appearance vs. Realit y. The lead casket is gold in disguise. LinkShakespeare expresses the theme through the characters and techniques in the merchant of Venice. The theme is used to engage the audience as we are eager to look behind disguises and find the reality of the characters and the events. Conclusion – There are many different themes in The Merchant of Venice which are moral values. To show mercy, to think twice about a book with a glistening cover and to treasure human relationships over the insignificance of wealth. Through the techniques and examples revealed in the Merchant of Venice Shakespeare displays ideas which are extremely significant from when it was first written to present.

A Relation of Difference: The Politics of Black “Signification”

Louis Gates, Jr’s examination of the â€Å"the tropes of tropes† in Afro-American literature is a pioneering account of the vicissitudes of a movement of difference. As a critical response to The Signifying Monkey, the essay would seek to reveal the idiosyncrasies of Gates’ literary criticism with relations to the idiosyncrasies of black literary tradition of difference.The Discreteness of Black DifferenceThe second chapter of Louis Gates, Jr.’s famous book The Signifying Monkey has a wonderful analysis of the rhetoric system and Afro-American signification traditions.The black concept of signifying, quite differently from the standard English, is inherently difficult to comprehend as it (re)doubles itself at every attempt of closer examination. Gates (1988) forcefully argues that parallel to the â€Å"classic confrontation between Afro-American culture and American culture, there is a political and metaphysical, â€Å"relationship that black â€Å"Sign ification† bears to the English â€Å"signification† is, paradoxically, a relation of difference inscribed within a relation of identity† (p.45).It is important to note the organic relations black literary traditions have with the identity of blacks, which are again (re)constructed through these traditions themselves. The discreteness of Black difference emerges from its status of being parallel to the white American literary universe.Intertextuality is also a discrete feature of the Afro-American literature as â€Å"each poem refers to other poems of the same genre† (Gates, 1988, p.60). Here, the repetition and revision of structural elements are something common and shared.It must bee seen as a narrative technique for emphasizing the common signifier which is a de facto priority for the community. Therefore, Gates asserts that â€Å"value, in this art of poeisis, lies in foregrounding rather than in the invention of a novel signified† (p.61). Needl ess to say, the common signified in black literature as a shared meaning is diametrically opposite to the white American idea of new signified as authentic.Moreover, it is possible to argue that the Black English itself is a different language and the blacks do not speak the same language of the whites. For Gates, the language of blackness encodes and names its sense of independence through a rhetorical process that we might think of as the Signfyin(g) black difference. For Blacks, language and its discreetness is a question of (re)inventing themselves as creative, as opposed to the white imposed idea of being imitative.In addition, for blacks, a new language with their own jargons is a tool for ultimately defining themselves.   The black life is more about the living poetry in the streets than the taught poetry in the class rooms.   The question of black Signifying is a question of another way of life that is not centered on the literary paradigms of white male Europeans.The as sertion of the politics black difference by Gates is not an attempt at molding a difference for a new zone of engagement. But, it is the simple assertion of what really exist as the difference of both living and creating since slavery as â€Å"black people have been Signifyin(g), without explicitly calling it that† (Gate, 1988, p.67).As it is in the white language, black Signification is not merely a form of indirect signification; on the contrary, it is a way of identifying with one’s true identity. Most importantly, Black Signification is a complex rhetorical device that is heterogeneous and multiple.ConclusionThe Signification in black literature is closely related to the discreteness of their way of life. The Black Signifyin(g) is closely linked to the identity and collective belongingness of the blacks. The Significations stands not with its meaning, but with its utterance itself.ReferenceGates, H. L, Jr. (1988). The Signifying Monkey: a Theory of Afro-AmericanLit erary Criticism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 44-89

Free Essays on Bin Laden

As America fought wars around the globe in the 20th century, one principle guided U.S. alliances: The enemy of my enemy is my friend. In the war against Hitler, the United States found common cause with Stalin. In the war against Japan, America aided Vietnamese rebel Ho Chi Minh. In Third World struggles, America helped Manuel Noriega and Saddam Hussein. And as Afghan rebels fought Soviet invaders in the During the 1980s, the United States gave aid from afar while Saudi exile Osama bin Laden provided support from within Afghanistan. Bin Laden emerged quickly after the September 11th attack on America as the prime suspect, directing a global network of terrorists from camps in Afghanistan. His apparent role in the attacks and the possibility of retaliation generated acute interest in Omaha, home to about 300 former Afghan refugees and the nation's only Center for Afghanistan Studies. Before most of the world knew who bin Laden was, Thomas Gouttierre, director of the Afghan program at the University of Nebraska at Omaha (UNO), spent several months studying him for the United Nations peacekeeping mission in Afghanistan in 1996 and '97. Gouttierre, who has 37 years experience dealing with Afghanistan, used his sources to confirm for then-U.N. Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali that bin Laden had returned to Afghanistan after leaving Sudan. In his office, Gouttierre still has his bin Laden file, including maps showing the locations of his training camps in the mountainous Central Asian nation. The UNO scholar never met bin Laden but saw his compound in the city of Kandahar and once saw his motorcade pass as the terrorist leader traveled protected by security vehicles. Gouttierre also spent part of his U.N. duty meeting and studying the Taliban, radical Muslim clerics who were and still are fighting for control of Afghanistan. The Taliban reportedly control about 95 percent of the country now. Even before la... Free Essays on Bin Laden Free Essays on Bin Laden A Response to â€Å"Bin Laden’s Bad Bet† Franklin Zakaria, in his article makes a shocking point for most Americans. A year ago, America was stricken with terror. We had the curtain pulled from right in front of our eyes, and on stage we saw a tyrant, Osama Bin Laden, and his Al Queda organization. Hiding behind the curtain for years, Bin Laden planned a treacherous â€Å"play† of terror. When the time was right, and all of America was not paying attention, the curtain was drawn back and the Taliban, along with its director, proceeded to surprise the world with their â€Å"play†. However, September 11, 2001 was not a â€Å"play†; it was an act of destruction, a plot of pure evil. Osama Bin Laden’s motive was not one only to affect the United States but the whole world. He hoped that by his feats of terror he would spark an outburst of radical movements across the Islamic world. Nevertheless, â€Å"The dog has not barked.† (Zakaria p.34) Some believe that he is hiding from fear; yet others sense that Bin Laden is hiding not in fear but in hope to resurrect another plan of mass destruction. Fareed Zakaria gives us a history lesson to help explain his point of view on the outcome of September 11. A decade ago, many people were concerned with political Islam-â€Å"how to setup an Islamic state, implement Sharia and practice Islamic banking.† (p.34) Algeria, Egypt, Turkey, and Pakistan all were terrorized by Islamic groups like the mullahs, but today they are for the most part vanquished. Again, many say that they are still in hiding, but this is where Mr. Zakaria makes an outstanding point. If these terrorist are in hiding it must be in fear, because how can a political movement achieve its goals if no one speaks its name? â€Å"A revolution, especially a transitional one, needs ideologues, pamphlets and party lines to articulate its message to the world. It needs politicians willing to embrace its cause. The Islami... Free Essays on Bin Laden As America fought wars around the globe in the 20th century, one principle guided U.S. alliances: The enemy of my enemy is my friend. In the war against Hitler, the United States found common cause with Stalin. In the war against Japan, America aided Vietnamese rebel Ho Chi Minh. In Third World struggles, America helped Manuel Noriega and Saddam Hussein. And as Afghan rebels fought Soviet invaders in the During the 1980s, the United States gave aid from afar while Saudi exile Osama bin Laden provided support from within Afghanistan. Bin Laden emerged quickly after the September 11th attack on America as the prime suspect, directing a global network of terrorists from camps in Afghanistan. His apparent role in the attacks and the possibility of retaliation generated acute interest in Omaha, home to about 300 former Afghan refugees and the nation's only Center for Afghanistan Studies. Before most of the world knew who bin Laden was, Thomas Gouttierre, director of the Afghan program at the University of Nebraska at Omaha (UNO), spent several months studying him for the United Nations peacekeeping mission in Afghanistan in 1996 and '97. Gouttierre, who has 37 years experience dealing with Afghanistan, used his sources to confirm for then-U.N. Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali that bin Laden had returned to Afghanistan after leaving Sudan. In his office, Gouttierre still has his bin Laden file, including maps showing the locations of his training camps in the mountainous Central Asian nation. The UNO scholar never met bin Laden but saw his compound in the city of Kandahar and once saw his motorcade pass as the terrorist leader traveled protected by security vehicles. Gouttierre also spent part of his U.N. duty meeting and studying the Taliban, radical Muslim clerics who were and still are fighting for control of Afghanistan. The Taliban reportedly control about 95 percent of the country now. Even before la...

Valkyrie the July Bomb Plot to Kill Hitler

Valkyrie the July Bomb Plot to Kill Hitler By 1944 there was a long list of Germans who had reason to want to assassinate  Adolf Hitler, and there had been attempts on the lives of several senior German officers. There had also been threats to Hitler from the German military itself, and with World War Two not going well for Germany (especially not on the Eastern Front) some leading figures began to realize that the war was doomed to end in failure  and that Hitler intended to lead Germany into total destruction. These commanders also believed that if Hitler was murdered, then the allies, both the Soviet Union and the western democracies, would be willing to negotiate peace with a new German government. No one knows what would have happened if Hitler had been killed at this point, and it looks unlikely Stalin would have backed off from marching into Berlin to stake his claim to a satellite empire. The Problem With Killing Hitler Hitler knew he was increasingly unpopular and took steps to safeguard himself from assassination. He disguised his movements, not letting his travel plans be known ahead of time, and tended to prefer residing in safe, heavily fortified buildings. He also strictly controlled the number of weapons which surrounded him. What was needed was someone who could get close to Hitler, and kill him with an unconventional weapon. Plans of attack were developed, but Hitler managed to avoid all of them. He was incredibly lucky and survived multiple attempts, some of which descended into farce. Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg The disaffected clique of military figures who were looking to kill Hitler found the man for the job: Claus von Stauffenberg. He had served in several key campaigns of World War Two, but while in North Africa had lost much of his right arm, his right eye, and digits on the other hand and been returned to Germany. The hand would be a rather important problem later in the bomb plot, and something which should have been better planned for.There had been other plans involving bombs and Hitler. Two army officers had been lined up to commit a suicide bombing of Hitler by Baron Henning von Tresckow, but the plans had fallen through because of Hitler changing plans to stop this danger. Now Stauffenberg was transferred from his hospital to the War Office, where Tresckow worked, and if the pair had not formed a working relationship before they did now. However Tresckow had to go fight on the Eastern Front, so Friedrich Olbricht worked with Stauffenberg. However, in June 1944, Stauffenberg was promoted to full Colonel, made a Chief of Staff, and had to regularly meet with Hitler to discuss the war. He could easily arrive carrying a bomb and not make anyone suspicious. Operation Valkyrie After a new front was opened with the successful D-Day landings, the situation looked even more desperate for Germany, and the plan was put into effect; a series of arrests also pushed the conspirators- a group involving leading regular army commanders- on before they were caught. Hitler would be killed, a military coup would take place, loyal army units would arrest SS leaders and hopefully, a new military command would avoid a civil war and negotiate an immediate end to the war in the west, a forlorn hope. After several false attempts, when Stauffenberg had carried explosives but not had the chance to use them against Hitler, Operation Valkyrie went into effect on July 20th. Stauffenberg arrived for a meeting, sneaked out to use acid to begin dissolving a detonator, entered the map room Hitler was using, put a briefcase containing the bomb against a table leg, excused himself to take a telephone call, and left the room.Instead of the phone, Stauffenberg went to his car, and at 12:4 2 the bomb went off. Stauffenberg then managed to talk his way out of the Wolf’s lair compound and headed for Berlin. However, Hitler had not died; in fact, he’d hardly been injured, with just burnt clothes, a cut hand and ear drum problems. A number of people did die, then and after, from the blast, but Hitler had been shielded. However, Stauffenberg had actually carried two bombs, but he’d had massive difficulty priming both given he only had two fingers and a thumb, and he and his assistant had been interrupted as they tried to prime, meaning only one bomb was in the briefcase Stauffenberg carried into Hitler with him. The other bomb was spirited away by the assistant. Things would have been different if he’d been able to leave both bombs together: Hitler would most certainly have died. The Reich would probably then have fallen into civil war because the plotters were not prepared. The Rebellion Is Crushed Hitler’s death was to be the start of a seizure of power which, in the end, turned into a farce. Operation Valkyrie was the official name for a set of emergency procedures, allowed by Hitler, which would transfer power to the Home Army to react if Hitler was indisposed and unable to govern. The plotters planned to use the laws because the head of the Home Army, General Fromm, was sympathetic to the plotters. However, whereas the Home Army was supposed to seize key points in Berlin and then move outwards across Germany with the news of Hitler’s death, few were willing to act without explicit news. Of course, it couldn’t come.The news Hitler survived was soon out, and the first batch of conspirators – including Stauffenberg – were arrested and shot. They were the relatively lucky ones because Hitler had anyone else tangentially connected arrested, tortured, brutally executed and filmed. He may even have watched the video. A thousand were executed, and relatives of key figures were sent to camps. Tresckow left his unit and walked towards Russian lines, whereupon he set off a grenade to kill himself. Hitler would survive for another year until he killed himself as the Soviets approached his bunker.

Bear Stearns & Co Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bear Stearns & Co - Essay Example gh development rate of new franchisees and their new organization possessed saves, all the unneeded "hit" tapes from their current saves either could gainfully sold to new franchisees for stocking their saves with a base stock, or be utilized to stock the s organizations new stores. Blockbusters administration Pointed out that amortization of goodwill in excess of 40 years is worthy under proper accounting rules (GAAP). Blockbuster ought to be realized that adjusting lapses happen and depending how the loan specialist collects these blunders, the mixed installment (central + investment) may change marginally a few months to keep these mistakes from collecting; or, the gathered slips are balanced for at the end of every year, or at the last advance payment (Penman, 2009). There are a couple of pivotal focuses important when selling a home with an amortized credit. Primarily, there is significant dissimilar portion of the regularly scheduled installments at the investment, particularly amid the initial 18 years of a 40-year contract. 2. The impact on the Blockbusters 1988 earnings per share if 5-year amortization were applied to this goodwill will decrease keeping in mind that terms governing loan amortization is based on the mark of 40 years. In the case underneath, installment 1 apportions around 80-90% of the aggregate payment towards interest and just $67.09 (or 10-20%) at the Principal equalization. The careful rate distributed towards installment of the key relies on upon the investment rate. Not until payment 257 or 21 years into the credit does the installment assignment towards chief and investment level out and in this manner tip most of the regularly scheduled installment to Principal equalization pay down, and I think it is appropriate on this ground. In addition, the level of mortgage monthly payment will be high. 3. The earnings per share if the Video superstore purchases were not included in the 1988 revenues would have been much low keeping in